Did the GOP Steal the
Aug. 11, 2011
In a pre-election post, I indicated that only election fraud could keep the Democrats from winning three of the six GOP recall elections. http://richardcharnin.com/WisconsinRecallElectionProjections.htm
They won two. This post-election analysis indicates that they did much better than that. They may very well have won all six.
The Democrats were highly motivated to win the Senate based
on
The analysis is based on the Wisconsin Recall True Vote Model .
In any election, there are two key factors: voter turnout and voter preference. We know how many voters returned from the previous election (as a percentage). But we must estimate the percentage mix of returning Democrats and Republicans. The number of new voters is just the difference between total votes cast in the current election and returning voters. In the recall analysis, we will assume that new voters were split equally between the Democrats and the Republicans.
Voter mix is the percentage of returning and new voters to the total vote. For example, assume that in a precinct there are 1000 voters (480 returning Obama, 460 returning McCain voters, and 60 new voters). Then the voter turnout mix is 48% Obama, 46% McCain and 6% new). Let’s calculate the Democratic vote share assuming that he/she wins 95% of Obama voters, 5% of McCain voters and 50% of new voters.
Democratic share = Dem mix * Dem % of returning Obama voters + GOP mix * Dem % of returning McCain voters + New voter mix * Dem % of New voters
Democratic share = .48*.95 + .46*.05+ .06*.50 = .456 + .023 + .030 = 50.9%.
In mathematical terms, vote share is a function of voter turnout mix and voter preference: Vote share = f (turnout mix, preference)
Obama won each of the six districts and had a 53.0-45.7% total margin. Therefore assuming a) an equal percentage turnout of Obama and McCain voters and b) no changes in voter preference, the Democrats would win all six elections (see below). But since the GOP won four elections, there had to be a higher turnout rate of McCain voters than Obama voters and/or a net defection of Obama voters to the GOP. It’s simple math.
In the first set of calculations, we reasonably assume that a) 60% of McCain voters turned out in the recalls and b) there were zero net defections (Democrats won 95% of returning Obama voters and the GOP won 95% of returning McCain voters). In order to match the average recorded vote, the average Obama turnout had to be 45% (75% of the GOP turnout).
In the second set, we assume that a) 60% of McCain AND Obama voters turned out in the recalls and the GOP won 95% of returning McCain voters, but b) there were net defections of Obama voters to the GOP. In order to match the average recorded vote, the average Democratic share of Obama voters was 83%. The two sets of scenarios are implausible.
In District 2, if 60% of McCain voters turned out, then just 33% of Obama voters turned out (assuming zero net defection of Obama and McCain voters).
Assuming equal 60% turnout of Obama and McCain voters, there was a massive net 25% defection of Democrats from Obama to McCain.
In District 8, if 60% of McCain voters turned out, then just 47% of Obama voters turned out (assuming zero net defection).
Assuming equal 60% turnout, there was a 10% net defection of Democrats from Obama to McCain.
Assuming equal turnout rates, Pasch won the election.
District 18 was won by King, the Democrat. The required Obama 58% turnout nearly matched the 60% assumed for the GOP%. There was a tiny 1% net defection to McCain. Both results are very plausible. It is not surprising that the Democrats won the seat.
District 32 was won by the Democrats. Obama had 61% so it would have raised eyebrows if the Democrats lost. The 47% Obama turnout required to match the Democratic 55.4% vote share seems low. The 8% net defection to McCain is higher than one would expect. Therefore, the Democrat Shilling probably did better than her recorded margin.
Sensitivity Analysis
It is instructive to determine the impact (i.e. sensitivity) of changes in percentage voter turnout, voter preference and election fraud (vote switching).
The tables below display the number of Democratic recall victories over a range of assumptions for each of the three parameters.Obama won all six districts in 2008. Therefore assuming a) an equal percentage turnout of Obama and McCain voters in the recalls and b) no changes in voter preference, the Democrats would win all six elections (see below). But the GOP won four. Therefore there had to be a higher turnout rate of McCain voters than Obama voters and/or a net defection of Obama voters to the GOP. It’s simple math.
This is an example of the minimum Obama voter turnout and maximum voter
defection that the Democrats needed to win all six elections:
a) Obama voter turnout (60%) had to at least match McCain turnout.
b) Democrats captured at least 93% of Obama voters and 5% of McCain voters. (net 2% defection)
The Democrats needed an average 52.3% vote share to win all six districts. .
By comparison, Obama had a 53.7% two party-share in the six districts.
. 2008 True Share Turnout Mix Dem GOP
Obama 53.09% 60.00% Obama 53.78% 93.00% 7.00%
McCain 45.62% 60.00% McCain 46.22% 5.00% 95.00%
Total 52.33% 47.67%
Dem Share Democratic Share of Obama McCain Obama Turnout
of McCain 91% 93% 95% Turnout 58% 60% 62%
Democratic Share Democratic Share
7% 52.18% 53.25% 54.33% 58% 52.33% 53.07% 53.78%
5% 51.25% 52.33% 53.40% 60% 51.59% 52.33% 53.05%
3% 50.33% 51.40% 52.48% 62% 50.87% 51.61% 52.33%
District 8
Turnout required to
force a match to the recorded vote (assuming net zero defection)
2008 Recorded Turnout Mix Pasche Darling
Obama 51.51% 47% 45.92% 95% 5%
McCain 47.52% 60% 54.08% 5% 95%
Total 100% 46.33% 53.67%
District 8
Assumption: equal 60%
Obama and McCain voter turnout and zero net defection
2008 Recorded Turnout Mix Pasche Darling
Obama 51.51% 60% 52.01% 95% 5%
McCain 47.52% 60% 47.99% 5% 95%
Total 100% 51.81% 48.19%
Zero Net Defection Equal 60% Turnout
McCain 60% Turnout GOP 95% McCain
2011 Senate Recorded Vote Required to Match Recorded Vote
District Obama Dem GOP Margin Obama Turnout Dem % of Obama
2 52.45% 39.57% 60.43% -20.86% 33% 70%
8 51.51% 46.35% 53.65% -7.30% 47% 85%
10 50.30% 42.35% 57.65% -15.30% 41% 78%
14 51.93% 47.85% 52.15% -4.30% 49% 86%
18 51.41% 51.13% 48.87% 2.26% 58% 94%
32 60.92% 55.40% 44.60% 10.80% 47% 87%
All 53.09% 47.11% 52.89% -5.78% 46% 83%
Democrats
win all 6 elections assuming equal voter turnout and zero net defection.
District Dem GOP
2 52.83% 47.17%
8 51.81% 48.19%
10 51.03% 48.97%
14 52.34% 47.66%
18 51.83% 48.17%
32 60.59% 39.41%
All 53.41% 46.59%
Sensitivity Analysis
Assumptions:
Obama True Vote Share = Recorded + 1.5%
Equal Obama and McCain returning voter turnout rate
Democrats win 5% of returning McCain voters
Vote Democratic Share of Obama voters
Switch 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95%
Democratic Election Wins
0% 3 5 6 6 6 6 6
1% 2 3 5 5 6 6 6
2% 1 1 2 3 5 5 6
3% 1 1 1 1 2 5 5
3D Sensitivity Analysis
Assumptions:
Obama True Vote Share = Recorded + 1.5%
Dem 5% share of McCain; McCain 50% turnout
Vote Switch 0% 3% 6%
Obama Turnout 46% 48% 50% 48% 50% 52% 54% 56% 58%
Dem % Obama Democratic wins
95% 6 6 6 3 5 6 2 5 6
93% 5 6 6 1 2 5 1 2 5
91% 2 5 6 1 1 2 1 1 1
2008 Recorded Votes Recorded
Vote Share
Dist Obama McCain Other Total Obama McCain Other
2 46,760 41,223 1,174 89,157 52.45% 46.24% 1.32%
8 52,372 48,315 990 101,677 51.51% 47.52% 0.97%
10 50,996 48,702 1,685 101,383 50.30% 48.04% 1.66%
14 42,806 38,577 1,055 82,438 51.93% 46.80% 1.28%
18 44,306 40,854 1,025 86,185 51.41% 47.40% 1.19%
32 54,645 33,829 1,224 89,698 60.92% 37.71% 1.36%
291,885 251,500 7,153 550,538 53.02% 45.68% 1.30%